rdk;rcodk@ay;pmrsm;
atmif'if
(rdk;rca&'D,kd June 6 tpDtpOfwGif xkwfv$ifhonfhay;pm?)
tykdif;(11)/ rdkufwGif;eufItusOf;usolrsm;ta=umif;
ae@pGJ/ arv 31/ 2004
0g&Sifwef'DpD
1?
orD;av;a&/ r=umao;cifu azazwkd@jrefrmEkdifiHrSm etzppftkyfpku tusOf;axmiftopfwckudk zGifhvkduf w,fuG,fh? tJh'DtusOf;axmifopfukd anmifESpfyiftusOf;pcef;vkd@ac:w,f? &efukef+rdK@eJ@ ESpfq,hfig;rkdifa0;wJh arSmfbDwyfe,fxJrSm wnf&Sdwmrkd@ vHk+cHKa&;uawmh tjrifhqHk;tqifhrSm&Sdwmaygh? tJh'D anmifESpfyif tusOf;pcef;udk wm0efcHtkyfcsKyf&wJhaxmifykdif}uD;&J@trnfu 'k-AdkvfcsKyf}uD;odef;pdefwJh? olu etzppftkyfpk &J@ twGif;a&;rSL;(2)wm0ef,lxm;olaygh? wGJbufaxmifydkifawGu OD;atmifwkd;wJh/ AdkvfrSL;csKyfausmfqef;wJh? OD;atmifwkd;u w&m;ol}uD;csKyfvnf;vkyfw,f? AdkvfrsL;csKyfausmfqef;u etz&J@jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD;aygh?
orD;av;&J@/ tJh'DtusO;faxmif}uD;xJrSm rdrdzmomvma&muftzrf;cH=uwJh tusOf;om;wpfaxmifausmf&Sd w,f? orD;av;tJh=ooGm;ovm;? wu,fygorD;&,f? tJh'DtusOf;om;awGu jrefrmEkdifiHweHwvsm;u etzppftkyfkeJ@typftcuf&yfpJ+yD;+idrf;csrf;a&;,l/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfaewJh wkdif;&if;om;vufeufudkiftzGJ@awGvnf; ygw,f? olwkd@udk etzu enf;rsdK;pHkeJ@zsm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifcJhw,fav? qHyifaumif;aumif;n‡yf&r,f? um&mtkdauoDcsif;qdk&r,f? a*gufoD;&dkuf&r,f? rsufESmtvSjyifcGifh&r,f? t&ufaumif;aumif;aomuf& r,f? ukefypPnf;awGaps;aygaygeJ@0,fcGifh&r,f pojzifhaygh? tJh'DvkdppfwyfawGywfvnf0kdif;&Hxm;wJh anmif ESpfyiftusOf;wef;xJu udk,fhoabmeJ@udk,fvma&muftzrf;cH=uwJh tusOf;om;wpfaxmifausmfudk teD; uyfapmifh=uyfwm0ef,l&wJh axmif0g'gawGuvnf;wpfaxmifausmfausmf&SdowJhuG,f?
tckawmhtJh'DtusOf;om;awG[m tvkyf=urf;awGvkyfae&wmaygh? olwkd@vkyf&wJh tvkyf=urf;awGu axmifykdif}uD;eJ@wGJbufaxmifykdifawGeJ@awG@&if+yHk;jy/ oGm;+zJjy&w,f? wckckar;&if “tm;vHk;aumif;ygonf cifAsm;” vdk@ajz=u&w,f? ae@pOfae@wkdif;axmifykdif}uD;eJ@axmift&m&SawGu ac:,l}udrf;armif;wmudk acgif;iHk@ cH&w,f? [kwfuJhvdk@ajym&w,f? acgif;ndwf&w,f? oabmwlygw,fcifAsm;vkd@ nDnDnmnmatmf&w,f? axmufcHa=umif;pmrsufESmwkdif;rSmvufrSwfxkd;&w,f? axmifykdif}uD;em;axmifcsifw,fqkd&if oD;csif;awG qdkjy&w,fwJh?
olwkd@awGudk taqmifawGcJGxm;+yD;axmifxHk;pHtwkdif;wef;pD;awG/ vufaumufawG/bm,mawGu tkyfcsKyf wmaygh? olwkd@udk uef@owfxm;wJh pnf;urf;awGuvn;f trsm;om;/ waqmifeJ@waqmiful;oef; oGm;vm r_rvkyf&bl;? pum;rajym&bl;?rqufoG,f&bl;? vrf;awG@&ifawmif+yHK;rjy&bl;/ cGifhjyKxm;wJh oDcsif;yJqkd&+yD; CGifhrjyKwJhoDcsif;udk rqkd&bl;? a&csdK;csdefrSma&csdK;/ xrif;au|;wJhtcsdefrSm pm;/ tdyfckdif;wJhtcsdefrSm tdyf pojzihfayghuG,f?
orD;uxifrSmyJaemf/ tckvkdanmifESpfyiftusOf;pcefxJrSm tusOf;om;awGn‡if;yef;ESdyfpufcHae&wmudk EkdifiH wumvl@tcGifhta&;tzJG@tpnf;awGu 0kdif;+yD;oem;=urSmyJ? olwkd@vGwfajrmufa&;awmif;qkd=urSmyJvkd@? r[kwfbl;uG,fh? olwkdudkb,folurSm roem;bl;? EkdifiHwumvl@tcGifhta&;apmifh=uyfolawGrajymeJ@ azaz wkd@vdkwEdkifiHwnf;om;awGawmifrS =uifempdefr&Sdbl;? olwkd@awG[m'Drkdua&pDeJ@ vl@tcGifhta&;twGuf ,Hk=unfcsufeJ@ tusOf;usae=uolawG (Prisoners of Conscience) r[kwfbl;? olwdk@[m rkdufwGif;eufI tusOf;=uaeolawG (Prisoners of Stupidity) yJjzpfw,f?
2?
orD;av;a&? anmifESpfyiftusOf;pcef;rSm vlwpfaxmifausmfu rdkufwGif;eufI tusOf;usaewkef;rSm jrefrm EkdifiHtESH@tjym;u tusOf;axmifawGrSmvnf; azazwkd@acgif;aqmifa':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@ tHu,fOD;wifOD; tygt0if 'Drkdua&pDta&;v_yf&Sm;ol wpfaxmifhig;&mausmf[m ,Hk=unfcsuftwGuf tusOf;usaeqJyJ? trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf&J@ EkdifiHw0Srf;u&Hk;cJGawG[mvnf; ydwfxm;&qJyJ? vl@tcGifhta&; awmif;qkd olawG[mvnf; qufvuf+yD;/ zrf;qD;cHae=u&qJhyJ? 'DvkdtajctaersdK;rSmawmif trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pD tzJG@csKyfuawmh usufoa&&Sd&Sd/ oduQm&Sd&SdeJ@qufvuf&yfwnfaeqJyJ? 'Drkdua&pDv_yf&Sm;r_}uD;&J@ OD;pD; OD;aqmif tcef;u¾uaequfvufwm0ef,laeqJyJ? &efukef+rdK@a&$*HkwkdifrSm&SdwJh/ wckwnf;om&SdwJh tzJG@csKyf &Hk;cef;rSm tzJG@csKyfacgif;aqmifawG/ tzJG@0ifawG/ v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fawG[m nDnD!Gwf!Gwf/ oef@oef@ &Sif;&Sif;eJ@ 'Drkdua&pDa&;wkdufyJGudk qufvufqifE$Jae=uw,f? etzppftkyfpk&J@ zsm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifr_/ +cdrf;ajcmuft=uyfukdifr_awGudk zDqef+yD; twkta,miftrsdK;om;nDvmcHudk oydwfarSmufcJh=uw,f? r[mrdwf wkdif;&if;om;ygwDrsm;uvn;f trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyfeJ@vufwGJ+yD; wkdif;jynfudk &moufyef ppfu|efZmwfoGif;r,fh zJG@pnf;yHktajccHOya'twnfjyKa&;rSm 0ifrygzkd@qHk;jzwfcJh=uw,f? &J&ifhajymifajrmuf vkduf=uwmorD;&,f? wm0efod+yD;opPm&Sdvkduf=uwm?
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3?
orD;av;a&? 1990jynfhESpfygwDpHk 'Drkdua&pDa&G;aumufyJG}uD;rSm trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyfu v$wfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,f oHk;&mukd;q,fhESpfa,mufa&G;cs,fcH&+yD; &Spfq,fhESpf&mcdkifE_ef;eJ@ tEkdif&cJhw,f? 'gayr,fhvnf; ppftkyfpku tm%mv$Jajymif;ay;zkd@udkjiif;qef+yD; wkdif;jynfudk rw&m;ojzifh qufvuf tkyfcsKyfcJhwm tcktcsdefxdaygh? 'D=um;xJrSmvnf; a&G;aumufyJGtEkdif&ygwDjzpfwJh trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyfudk ysufpD; aysmufuG,foGm;atmifenf;rsdK;pHkeJ@ }udK;pm;cJh? }udK;pm;aewmaygh? tJh'Denf;rsdK;pHkqdkwJhtxJrSm a&G;aumufyJG tEdkif& v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vSrfawGudk tr_qifzrf;+yD;axmif;csjcif;/ tusOf;axmifxJrSmn‡if;yef;EdSyfpufjcif;/ wkdif;jynfwGif;rSmraeEkdifatmifzdtm;ay;I armif;xkwfjcif;/ pD;yGm;ysufatmif zsufqD;jcif;/ tkd h h h tifrwef aumufuspfwJhenf;awGeJ@ayghord;&,f? tyufpufqHk;eJ@tqkd;0g;qHk;uawmh 2003ckESpf/ arv/ 30&ufae@rSm a':atmifqe;fpk=unfheJ@ OD;wifOD;udk jrefrmEkdifiHtv,fykdi;fu 'DyJ,if;+rdK@teD;rSm vkyf}uHowfjzwfzkd@ }udK;pm; wmygyJ? acwfay:jrefrmhorkdif;rSm AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;eJ@ tmZmenfacgif;aqmif}uD;rsm;usqHk;cJh&wJh EkdifiHawmf vkyf}uHr_}uD;+yD;&if/ t&ufpufqHk;/ tqkd;0g;qHk;vkd@ajym&r,fh 'D 'DyJ,if;vkyf}uHr_}uD;rSm a':atmifqef;pk=unf eJ@OD;wifOD;wkd@ uHtm;avsmfpGm toufab;uvGwfajrmufcJhayr,fh tzJG@csKyftzJG@0ifawGeJ@ 'Drkdua&pDa&; v_yf&Sm;olawG ESpf&mausmff[m &uf&uf=urf;=uKwfpGm towfcHcJh=u&w,f? &maygif;rsm;pGmaom tzJG@csKyf tzJG@0ifawG[mvnf; '%f&mtemw&awGeJ@ zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh=u&w,f?
orD;av;a&
tJh'Dvkd=urf;=uKwf&kdif;jywJh zdESdyfr_awG/ wkdufckdufr_awG=um;uae etzppftkyfpku ar#mfvifhovkd trsdK;om; 'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf[m ysufpD;aysmufuG,froGm;yJ rm;rm;rwfrwfwnf&SdaeqJhjzpfw,fuG,fh? 'Drkdua&pDa&; v_yf&Sm;r_&J@ OD;aqmiftzGJ@tpnf;tjzpf/ jynfolvlxku w&m;0ifa&G;aumufxifajr‡mufxm;wJh jynfol@ ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf }uHh}uHhcHwnf&SdaeqJyJ? 'DvkdtcsdefrsdK;rSm wcsdK@aom tacsmiform;awG/ tvdkawmf&d awGeJ@ ynmwwfta&+cHK etzvufyg;apawGu 14ESpf=umcJh+yDjzpfwJh a&G;aumufyJG&vm'fudk trsdK;om; 'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyfu qufvufqkwfudkifxm;wm t"dy`g,fr&Sdawmhbl;vkd@ab;uaear;aigh a0zefae=uav&J@/ &kdif;vkduf=uwmorD;&,f?
4?
orD;av; awG;=unfhprf;/ 1990a&G;aumufyJG[m wu,fawmh ppftkyfpku apwemrSefrSefeJ@jyKvkyfay;cJhwjH a&G;aumufyJGr[kwfbl;? 1988 'Drkdua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;u arG;zGm;ay;cJhwJh vlxk&J@ 'Drkdua&pD&&Sda&;jyif;xef wJhpdwf"gwfudk rvGefqefEkdifwm&,f/ EkdifiHwumjynfolrsm;/ tpkd;&rsm;&J@ zdtm;ay;r_awGudk rvGefqefEkdifwm &,fa=umifhyJjzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fhvnf;a&G;aumufyJGrwkdifcifuwn;fu a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ OD;wifOD; pwJhxif&Sm;wJh/ ta&;}uD;wJh acgif;aqmifawGudk zrf;qD;xdrf;odrf;xm;cJhw,f? trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf&J@ a&G;aumufyJGrJqG,fpnf;&Hk;a&;vkyfief;awGudkvnf; enf;rsdK;pHkeJ@uef@owfcsKyfcs,fcJhw,f? EkdifiHa&;ygwD twk ta,mifawGrsm;pGmzJG@pnf;wnfaxmif+yD; vlxkpdwfa00g;atmifzefwD;cJhw,f? jynfolawGudkvnf; trsdK;om; 'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyfudk rJray;yJ/ ppfwyfuaxmufcHwJh rzvygwDwjzpfvJ wkdif;&if;om; pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&; ygwDudk yJrJay;zkd@+cdrf;ajcmufodrf;oGif;cJh=uw,f? 'Da&G;aumufyJG[mwu,fawmh wcsdK@ajym=uovkdppfrSef+yD; oef@&Sif;w&m;r#wwJha&G;aumufyJGr[kwfcJhygbl;? tHh=ozkd@aumif;vkdufwmord;&,f/ jynfolawG[m etz ppftkyfpk&J@zdESdyf+cdrf;ajcmufr_awGudk rsufuG,fjyK+yD; olwkd@&J@rJqENudk tusdK;&SdpGm toHk;jyKcJh=uw,f/ 1962 ckESpfuae 1990jynfhESpftxd ESpfq,fh&SpfESpfwm umvtwGif;jynfolvlxk[m yxrqHk;t}udrf olwdk@ ,Hk=unf&mudk jywfjywfom;om;a&G;cs,fcJh=uw,f? trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJ@csKyfudk wcJeufaxmufcHrJ ay;jcif;jzifh ppftkyfpkudk tvkdr&Sda=umif;olwkd@&J@qENudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm;jyocJh=uw,f?
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5?
orD;av;a&/ anmifESpfyiftusOf;pcef;xJrSm rkdufwGif;eufI tusOf;usolrsm;u etzpDpOfwifqufwJh [mojyZmwfwyk'fudk rnDrnmujyaecsdefrSm ol&Jaumif;jynolawGeJ@urBmw0Srf;u 'Drkdua&pDbufawmf om;awGu trsdK;om;'Drkdua&DtzJG@csKyfeJ@wkdif;&if;om;ygwDrsm;&J@ &J&ifjywfom;r_udk tav;jyKOD;!Gwfae=u w,f? wcdsefu ppftkyfpk&J@vSnfhzsm;r_awGudk ,HkcJhbl;wJh ta&S@awmiftm&SEkdifiHrsm;udk,fYu etzppftkyfpkudk 'Dtwkdif;vkyfcsif&mvkyfzkd@ v$wfay;rxm;oifhawmhbl;vkd@ oabmaygufem;vnfvm=u+yD; tar&duef jynfaxmifpkeJ@ Oa&myEkdifiHrsm;uvnf; ukvor*~eJ@yl;aygif;+yD; jrefrmh'Drkdua&pD;a&;v_yf&Sm;r_udk tjrifhrm; qHk;eJ@ tnD!GwfqHk;yHhykd;ulnDzkd@ v_yf&Sm;wufºuae=u+yD?
trSefw&m;[m aemufuswwfw,f? 'gayr,fhvnf; a&mufvmrSmtaotcsmygyJ orD;av;&,f? a&muf vmwJh tcgusawmhvnf; 14ESpfwmaemufuscJh&vkd@qkd+yD; trSefw&m;[m wefzkd;,kwfavsmhaerSm r[kkwfbl;? yGef;yJhaerSmr[kwfbl;? trSefw&m;yDyDvSyvufqwfaerSmyJorD;&J@?
+idrfcsrf;ygap?
atmif'if?
